Tuvalu, one of the world’s smallest and most remote nations, comprises nine low-lying atolls and reef islands scattered across the central Pacific Ocean. With an average elevation of just 1.83 meters above sea level, the country remains acutely vulnerable to climate change impacts—particularly sea level rise, coastal erosion, and saltwater intrusion. According to NASA, sea levels around Tuvalu have risen by 14 cm over the past 30 years and are projected to rise by another 19 cm by 2050. Without additional protections, Tuvalu could experience over 100 days of flooding annually by mid-century.

To address these existential threats, the Government of Tuvalu, in partnership with UNDP and the Green Climate Fund, is implementing the Tuvalu Coastal Adaptation Project. This seven-year initiative, concluding in 2025, enhances coastal resilience across three of Tuvalu’s inhabited islands—Funafuti, Nanumea, and Nanumaga. The project includes beach nourishment, sea walls, and eco-system-based solutions to protect 2,780 meters of high-value coastline, benefiting over 60 percent of the population.

Tuvalu's telecommunications infrastructure is rapidly evolving, marked by the arrival of the Tuvalu Vaka undersea fiber optic cable—the first-ever international undersea telecommunications table— and the planned deployment of Starlink satellite internet in 2025 to improve island-wide connectivity. These developments aim to provide faster, more reliable internet and are part of Tuvalu’s broader ICT strategy, including the National Broadband Plan and the Digital Nation project, which aims to digitally preserve Tuvalu’s land, culture, and heritage in response to climate threats.

During emergencies, Tuvalu relies on its National Adaptation Programme of Action 2 Early Warning System and robust satellite services via Kacific1, which provide crucial connectivity to outer islands, ensuring communication for disaster preparedness and response.